Tuesday, January 23, 2007

Midterms yayyy!

Post questions HERE!!
Don't think its going to be to late.
I don't know about you, but I don't plan on sleeping. :)

(i doubt anyone will actually post)

15 Comments:

Anonymous Anonymous said...

I was trying to figure out how to create a new blog, and couldn't.

I have a question. Can someone please explain extensional meaning to me? Thanks

Kaitlyn

7:04 PM  
Blogger d said...

I think it has to do with the fact that you can define something by physically pointing at it.

7:13 PM  
Blogger Theresa said...

I will post!

Major Puritan Works
1. Mayflower Compact (Plymouth Separatists)
2. History of Plymouth Plantation (William Bradford)
3. A Modell of Christian Charitie(John Winthrop)
4. Meditation Six (Edward Taylor)
5. Upon a Spider Catching a Fly (Edward Taylor)
6. Upon a Wasp Chilled with Cold (Edward Taylor)
7. The Author to Her Book (Anne Bradstreet)
8. Prologue (Anne Bradstreet)
9. Verses Upon the Burning of Our House (Anne Bradstreet)
10. To My Dear and Loving Husband (Anne Bradstreet)
11. In Memory of My Dear Grandchild Elizabeth Bradstreet (Anne Bradstreet)
12. The Devil in New England (Cotton Mather)
13. Sinners in the Hands of an Angry God (Jonathon Edwards)

How to tell Edwards, Mather, Winthrop, and Bradford Apart...
 Bradford writes biographical information about the Pilgrims. Any reference to ships, English history (Elizabeth, James, etc.), or traveling (to Holland, for instance) is probably Bradford.

 Winthrop writes about how Puritans should behave. Look for “loue”, “brotherly affection”, or quoted references to the bible.

 Mather focuses on witchcraft and the devil in the new world. Any paranoid ranting about the devil and his witches contaminating the wholesome Puritan communities is fair game.

 Edwards is the consummate Great Awakening preacher. He is the one who describes all the horrible things the devil is going to do to all the sinners. He says God can cast sinners into the pit of hell at any time without caring. Clues include the power of God and the burning cruelty of the devil. His writing is targeted to frighten individuals into accepting Puritanism.

Kaitlyn- Extestentional meaning is the meaning of a word which it points to in the physical world. It is the thing, so it cannot be expressed in words. Intensional meaning is the meaning of a word suggested inside one's head. For instance, when someone says dog, you think of a hairy, 4-legged mammal that wags its tail and eats kibble. The actual physical animal would be the extensional meaning.

I thought I told everyone to be here posting their study guides. Hopefully, business picks up before 2 a.m.

Love,
Theresa

7:22 PM  
Anonymous Anonymous said...

I know that a lot of people will be spending a lot of time on the other sections of this midterm, but here is a website that is good for the character overviews for The Crucible. I found it helped me remember a lot about the story relativly quickly. http://www.sparknotes.com/lit/crucible/characters.html

7:41 PM  
Blogger rachel said...

Hey all!

I agree with Kaitlyn, SparkNotes helps a lot (esp. if you decided to not take notes!)

I was wondering if anyone could explain the differences between report, inference, judgment? I know that we have gone through this begore I just want to double check!

Thanks!
Rachel

8:12 PM  
Blogger rachel said...

Hey Tina,

In the packet when a non-sense arguement is occuring and it has extensional meaning then it can be ended but when it has intensional meaning then the argument can go on indefinetly because intensional meaning is the meaning of something that one has in their head. And if that isn't the longest run-on sentence, I don't know what is.

8:25 PM  
Blogger d said...

This comment has been removed by a blog administrator.

8:43 PM  
Blogger d said...

A good example of a non-sense argument would be the one we had on the test about balls and strikes in baseball. There is no definite example of a ball or strike; we can not point to something and say it IS a ball or strike. It does, however, have a meaning in the mind of the umpires. And thus they call them "as they are," which is also a is of identity.

8:44 PM  
Blogger Danielle G said...

This comment has been removed by a blog administrator.

10:55 PM  
Blogger Danielle G said...

I don't know who is actually going to need this, but I have a summary sheet for all of the vocabulary. It has all the definitions and synonyms for every word.

1. ABDICATE
- To give up formally, as an office, duty, power, or claim
- Resign, renounce, relinquish, divest oneself of; resignation, renunciation, relinquishment
2. ABET
- To encourage or assist, especially in wrongdoing
- Egg on; promote, further, advance, help aid
3. ABHOR
- To regard with horror and loathing; to hate intensely
- Loathe, despise, detest, abominate
4. ABJECT
- 1) wretched, miserable, degrading, humiliating
- 2) mean-spirited, base, despicable, contemptible
- 3) complete and unrelieved
- disheartening, debasing, hopeless, helpless; vile, shameless, ignoble, craven (lacking even the rudiments of courage; abjectly fearful); utter, sheer, downright, thoroughgoing
5. ABSOLVE
- To clear of guilt or blame
- Acquit, exonerate, exculpate, vindicate; acquittal, exoneration, vindication
6. ABSTAIN
- To refrain completely and voluntarily
- Forgo, forbear, avoid, shun, eschew; self-restrain, self-denial, forbearance, abstemiousness; abstemious, forbearing, temperate, sparing, moderate, ascetic
7. ACADEMIC
- 1) pertaining to a college or other institution of learning; scholarly
- 2) theoretical rather than practical; unrealistic
- scholastic, scholarly; speculative, unrealistic
8. ACCEDE
- 1) to yield to; to agree to
- 2) to enter upon an office or dignity
- agree, assent, consent, concur, acquiesce, comply
9. ACCLIMATE
- To get used to (usually an environment or situation)
- Adjust, adapt, orient, orientate, familiarize, accustom, habituate; orientation
10. ADDICTION
- A habit-forming practice or pursuit, usually one that is bad for a person’s health or morally objectionable; habitual use of, or devotion to, something
- Dependence, fixation
11. ADJOURN
- 1) to close formally
- 2) to put off to another time; to move to another place
- Conclude, terminate, defer, postpone; suspend; transfer

12. ADVERSE
- Hostile in purpose or effect; unfavorable
- Unfavorable, unfriendly, negative, antagonistic, apathetic, inimical
13. ADVOCATE
- 1) to speak or argue in favor of; to give active public support to
- 2) a person who pleads in the interest of a cause or individual
- champion, support, espouse, uphold, recommend; proponent, backer, defender, spokesman
14. AESTHETIC
- Pertaining to a sense of beauty; artistic
-
15. AFFABLE
- Courteous and agreeable in manner; easy to talk to or approach
- Sociable, genial, amiable, friendly, good-natured
16. AFFECTATION
- A pretentious display of manners or sentiments that are not genuine; a peculiar habit of dress or behavior that has been adopted to impress others
- Pose, pretense; mannerism
17. AFFLUENT
- Prosperous, wealthy
- Flourishing, well-to-do, opulent
18. AGENDA
- A list or program of things to be done or acted upon
- Schedule, docket
19. AGGREGATE
- 1) the total amount or sum total of the individual parts
- 2) to gather or merge into a single whole; to amount to
- 3) total, collective
- mass, assemblage, amalgamation, conglomeration, cluster; amalgamate, consolidate; net, composite
20. AGILE
- Swift and light in action, movement, or thought
- Nimble, limber, alert, brisk, supple, lithe, spry
21. ALIENATE
- To cause hostility or indifference where love, friendliness, or interest formerly existed
- Estrange, disaffect, antagonize
22. ALLEGE
- To claim that something is true but without offering any proof
- Claim, contend; declare, assert, affirm, avow, asseverate (to declare earnestly or solemnly; affirm positively), aver
23. ALLUDE
- To refer to indirectly
- Hint at, suggest, intimate, insinuate


24. AMBIENCE
- The surrounding or pervading atmosphere; the tone and spirit of an environment
- Surroundings, milieu, setting; character, flavor
25. AMBIVALENT
- Wavering or uncertain because of an inability to make a choice between two contradictory feelings or viewpoints in regard to a person, a thing, or a course of action
- Contradictory, opposing, conflicting, equivocal; vacillating
26. AMNESTY
- An official pardon granted to offenders against the government, especially for political offenses
- Forgiveness, immunity, remission (of punishment), absolution (of sin)
27. ANACHRONISM
- The misplacing of an object or event in a period to which it cannot possibly belong; anything out of its proper time frame
28. ANARCHY
- Absence of governmental authority; general political and social disorder
- Disorder, chaos, lawlessness, pandemonium, turmoil
29. ANATHEMA
- 1) a curse or strong denunciation
- 2) the person or thing cursed; more generally, any object of intense dislike
- malediction, execration, imprecation; abomination
30. ANECDOTE
- A brief account of some interesting or amusing incident, especially one containing biographical or historical details
- Tale, story, vignette, sketch, narrative, reminiscence, memoir; episode; storyteller, raconteur
31. ANOMALY
- A deviation from what is normal or expected
- Abnormality, peculiarity, oddity, freak, misfit; incongruity; abnormal, irregular, freakish, deviant, atypical; incongruous
32. APATHY
- Lack of feeling, emotion, or interest
- Indifference, unconcern, aloofness, detachment, impassivity; indifferent, uninterested, aloof, detached, stolid, impassive, unfeeling, emotionless
33. APPALL
- To fill with intense horror, fear, or dismay
- Horrify, shock, astound, stupefy, stun, dismay; horrifying, shocking, stunning, horrific, frightful, dreadful, fearful
34. APPREHEND
- 1) to arrest or take into custody
- 2) to perceive or understand the meaning of
- 3) to look forward to with fear or anxiety
- seize, capture, nab, collar; grasp, comprehend, discern, fathom; dread, fear, have misgivings about, anticipate the worst, have a foreboding of
35. ARBITRARY
- 1) subject to or determined by one’s judgment; random
- 2) arrived at by an exercise of the will, personal preference, or whim, as opposed to being based on reason or justice
- 3) given to willful decisions or demands; tyrannical or dictatorial
- judgmental, discretionary; capricious, irrational; prejudiced, partial; unreasonable; highhanded, overbearing, despotic; autocratic, authoritarian
36. ARBITRATE
- To act as an impartial judge in a dispute; to ssettle
- Adjudicate, mediate
37. ARRAY
- 1) to line up; to dress up
- 2) an imposing grouping; rich and beautiful attire
- align; assemble, draw up, marshal, muster; deploy, adorn, deck out, doll up, gussy up; equip, outfit, accouter; alignment, line-up; finery; equipment, accouterments
38. ARTICULATE
- 1) to pronounce distinctly; to express well in words
- 2) expressed clearly and forcefully; able to employ language easily and fluently
- enunciate, clarify, expound, elucidate, explicate; fluent, eloquent, silver-tongued, glib
39. ASKEW
- 1) out of line or position; turned to one side
- 2) disapprovingly; scornfully
- crooked, cock-eyed, uneven, unsymmetrical, awry; disdainfully, contemptuously, askance, derisively
40. ASSIMILATE
- 1) to absorb fully or make one’s own; to adopt as one’s own
- 2) to adapt fully
- incorporate
41. ASTUTE
- keen of mind and judgment, especially in practical matters; cunning
- shrewd, perceptive, sharp, acute; sagacious, judicious; far-sighted, perspicacious; quick-witted, clever; wily, cagey; perceptiveness, discernment, acumen, sagacity
42. ASYLUM
- 1) an institution that shelters and cares for mentally unbalanced, aged, or homeless persons
- 2) any place offering protection or security
- 3) protection against a legal or social penalty
- sanctuary, refuge, haven
43. ATONE
- To make up for or repent
- Expiate, redeem, offset; penance, expiation; compensation, reparation, restitution, redress
44. ATROCITY
- A savagely cruel, brutal, or inhuman deed; a monstrosity
- Enormity, outrage; barbarous, barbaric, sadistic; grisly, gruesome, ghastly; heinous, outrageous; horrible, dreadful, abominable
45. ATROPHY
- 1) a failure to develop normally; a progressive wasting away or decline\
- 2) to waste away
- deterioration, degeneration, decay; decay, deteriorate, degenerate, shrivel, wither, shrink, rot, stunt
46. ATTRITION
- 1) a gradual wearing down or weakening of resistance resulting from constant friction, pressure, or harassment
- 2) a gradual, often natural decrease in size, strength or number as a result of resignation, retirement, death, or the like
- abrasion, erosion; exhaustion, enervation; reduction, diminution
47. AUGMENT
- To make greater; to become greater
- Increase, enlarge, expand, extend, magnify
48. AUGUR
- 1) someone who can forecast the future by spotting various signs or indications of what is to come
- 2) to predict or foretell through signs; to point out or be an omen of
49. AUSTERE
- Rigidly severe; severely simple or bare
- Stern, strict, strait-laced; abstemious, sober, puritanical, ascetic; solemn,; harsh, forbidding; somber, gloomy; plain, unadorned, undecorated
50. AUTHENTIC
- Genuine, trustworthy
- Real, true, actual, veritable, bona fide, legitimate, kosher; indisputable, indubitable
51. AVARICE
- An excessive desire to acquire and possess wealth; a combination of greed and stinginess
- Acquisitiveness, cupidity, covetousness, rapacity; miserliness, parsimony, niggardliness; acquisitive, greedy; covetous, rapacious, grasping; stingy, miserly, niggardly, tightfisted
52. AVID
- Extremely eager, anxious, or enthusiastic
- Zealous, ardent, keen, fervent, fervid, voracious, insatiable, rabid, fanatical, passionate, gung ho
53. BADGER
- To tease; to annoy with a constant string of petty torments
- Harass, torment, pester, plague, vex, irritate, hassle, bait, harry



54. BAFFLE
- 1) to puzzle completely
- 2) to prevent from achieving a goal
- perplex, mystify, bewilder, nonplus, confound; thwart, foil, balk, frustrate, stymie, stump; mystifying, bewildering, enigmatic; perplexed, mystified, quizzical
55. BANAL
- Made stale by constant use or repetition
- Trite, hackneyed, stereotyped, prosaic, commonplace, pedestrian, insipid, vapid, fatuous, jejune, corny; triteness, insipidity; cliché, platitude, bromide
56. BELLIGERENT
- 1) warring, actually engaged in a war; warlike or hostile
- 2) a party (for example, a nation or organization) engaged in a war
- martial, combative, bellicose, quarrelsome, contentious, militant, pugnacious, hawkish
57. BENIGN
- 1) gentle and kindly
- 2) wholesome or favorable
- benevolent; favorable, auspicious, beneficial, salutary, salubrious
58. BICKER
- To engage in petty quarreling
- Squabble, wrangle, haggle, dicker
59. BIZARRE
- Weird or fantastic
- Grotesque, outlandish, freakish, odd, queer, singular, far-out, unconventional, eccentric
60. BLAND
- 1) mild or gentle (usually used neutrally)
- 2) lacking interest or liveliness; flat (used as a pejorative)
- calming, soothing, nonirritating; dull, boring, unexciting, insipid, lifeless; nondescript, mediocre, run-of-the-mill
61. BLEAK
- 1) desolate, windswept, and bare
- 2) cold and gloomy, unpromising
- barren, raw, harsh, chilling, forbidding; dour; dismal, dreary, drab, somber, grim, cheerless, depressing
62. BLIGHT
- 1) to check or destroy the growth of
- 2) something that impairs growth or causes ruin
- nip, wither, shrivel; blast, ruin, devastate; frustrate, foil, dash; bane, scourge, plague; eyesore




63. BLITHE
- 1) merry and carefree
- 2) overly unconcerned; reckless
- lighthearted, jolly, jocund, jovial, buoyant, sprightly, mirthful, happy-go-lucky; light-minded, heedless, indifferent, nonchalant, blasé
64. BOISTEROUS
- Noisy and rowdy
- Loud, obstreperous, vociferous, clamorous; unruly, disorderly, riotous, uproarious, disruptive, turbulent, tempestuous
65. BOMBASTIC
- Pompous or inflated in language
- Grandiloquent, grandiose; hyperbolic, high-sounding, high-flown, high-falutin, extravagant; swollen, bloated, turgid; fustian (inflated language that is absurdly out of keeping with its quite ordinary content), rant, claptrap
66. BOORISH
- Rude or unrefined
- Vulgar, uncouth, gauche, crude, crass, churlish, ill-bred, low-bred, ill-manner, unmannerly; vulgarian, lout, yahoo
67. BOYCOTT
- 1) to refuse to buy, use, or deal with as a way to protest (or force acceptance of) some form of behavior
- 2) an instance of such treatment
- ban, proscribe, ostracize, blacklist, blackball; ban, embargo
68. BRASH
- Overly bold, hasty, and thoughtless
- Rash, reckless, foolhardy, impetuous, precipitate; impudent, saucy, impertinent, brazen, shameless, tactless, gauche
69. BRAVADO
- A boastful or swaggering show of false bravery; false courage in general
- Braggadocio, swagger, bluster, cockiness, bluff
70. BRUSQUE
- Overly short or abrupt
- Curt, blunt, terse; gruff, rough, sharp, harsh; uncivil, impolite
71. BUNGLE
- To mismanage or make a mess of
- Botch, butcher, mangle, mar, spoil, foul up, bollix up; butcher, klutz; incompetent, inept; clumsy, awkward
72. BUREAUCRACY
- A complicated system of administrative agencies and officials; the officials themselves
- Red-tape




73. BUTTRESS
- 1) a support or reinforcement
- 2) to support or reinforce
- prop, brace; mainstay, cornerstone, pillar; prop up, brace, bolster, shore up, strengthen
74. CAJOLE
- To persuade or obtain by flattery or deceit
- Wheedle, inveigle, coax, beguile, induce, flatter
75. CALLOUS
- Unfeeling or insensitive
- Indifferent, unresponsive, unsympathetic; thick-skinned, hardhearted, hardboiled, hardnosed
76. CALUMNY
- A false statement deliberately made up to injure a person
- Lie, falsehood; slander, libel; slur, aspersion
77. CANDID
- 1) fair and impartial
- 2) frank or outspoken
- 3) informal or unposed
- objective, disinterested, unbiased, unprejudiced, balanced; forthright, unreserved, straight-from-the-shoulder; spontaneous, impromptu
78. CANTANKEROUS
- Foul-tempered and quarrelsome
- Peevish, contrary, cross-grained, irritable, irascible, perverse, choleric, bearish, testy, crabby, grouchy, cranky; intractable, unamenable, ornery; curmudgeon, grouch
79. CAPTIOUS
- 1) quick to find petty fault or raise trifling objections; overly demanding or fussy
- 2) intended to trap, confuse, or show up
- hypercritical, caviling, carping, censorious; niggling, pettifogging, hairsplitting, picky, picayune, nit-picking; artful, tricky, loaded
80. CATHOLIC
- 1) broad or widely inclusive
- 2) general or universal; worldwide
- comprehensive, wide, liberal; ecumenical, global
81. CAUSTIC
- 1) able to dissolve or eat away by chemical actions
- 2) sharp and biting
- corrosive; keen, cutting, stinging, tart, pungent, trenchant, mordant, astringent, acidulous, sarcastic, sardonic, acrimonious, venomous; asperity, acrimony, mordancy, acerbity; sarcasm




82. CENSOR
- 1) an official who examines works of literature, films, and the like for things considered to be immoral, offensive, or dangerous, and who is empowered to prohibit or remove this material; anyone who acts as an arbiter of morals or reading/viewing matter
- 2) to examine for and remove objectionable material
- expurgator; bowdlerizer; Comstockery, Grundyism; expurgate, bowdlerize; excise, delete, expunge
83. CENSURE
- 1) open and strong criticism or disapproval (often taking the shape of a formal reprimand by someone in authority)
- 2) to criticize several; to disapprove strongly
- rebuke, reprimand, reproof; rebuke, reprimand, reprove, reprehend, condemn, upbraid, chastise; reprehensible, blameworthy
84. CHAGRIN
- 1) irritation, embarrassment, or humiliation caused by disappointment or frustration
- 2) to cause such a feeling
- vexation, annoyance, mortification; vex, annoy, mortify, abash
85. CHARLATAN
- Anyone who claims to have skills or knowledge that he or she doesn’t possess
- Imposter, quack, mountebank, humbug, fraud, faker
86. CHRONIC
- Continuing over a long period of time or recurring often
- Long-lasting, prolonged, continual, constant; habitual, inveterate, confirmed, deep-rooted, ingrained; perennial, recurrent
87. CIRCUITOUS
- Indirect or roundabout; long-winded
- Winding, meandering, rambling, sinuous, devious, oblique, circumlocutory, periphrastic, digressive
88. CIRCUMSPECT
- Cautious or prudent, especially in regard to the consequences of actions or statements; tactful
- Careful, watchful, vigilant, guarded, wary, chary, leery; discreet, politic, diplomatic, judicious
89. CIRCUMVENT
- To get around or avoid, especially by trickery or deception
- By-pass, skirt, evade, sidestep, dodge, duck
90. CLANDESTINE
- Concealed from view so as to hide one’s purpose
- Surreptitious, covert, furtive, stealthy, underhanded
91. COERCE
- To force someone to do something against his or her will by using undue pressure, threats, intimidation, or physical violence
- Constrain, compel, pressure, bulldoze, dragoon; hector, browbeat, cow
92. COGENT
- Forceful and convincing; to the point
- Powerful, potent, effective, telling; persuasive, compelling; valid, sound; relevant, pertinent, apposite, germane, apropos
93. COHERE
- To hold or stick together; to fit together into an orderly, logical, and unified whole
- Coalesce, combine, gel
94. COLLABORATE
- 1) to work together on some kind of joint project (neutral tone)
- 2) to cooperate with the enemy in some kind of treasonable activity (pejorative tone)
- cooperate, team up, join forces, pool one’s efforts; intrigue, collude, conspire; partner, colleague, coworker; quisling, fifth-columnist, fellow traveler; partnership, team effort, joint effort
95. COMPATIBLE
- 1) capable of use with some other brand or model
- 2) capable of living or getting along together
- harmonious, agreeable, like-minded; consistent, congruous, parallel
96. COMPLACENT
- Overly self-satisfied, smug
- Content(ed), self-content(ed), pleased with oneself
97. CONCISE
- Saying a lot in a few words
- Brief, compact, succinct, terse; laconic, summary; pithy
98. CONDONE
- To overlook or disregard an offense, thereby implying forgiveness, acceptance, or possibly approval of it
- Ignore, close one’s eyes to, turn a blind eye to; accept, countenance, stomach, put up with, tolerate
99. CONFRONTATION
- A face-to-face encounter, usually (but not always) suggesting a hostile or defiant attitude
- Showdown, face-off, shout-out
100. CONJECTURE
- 1) a conclusion based on inadequate evidence; a guess
- 2) to conclude from inadequate evidence; to guess
- surmise, supposition, presumption, suspicion, inference; speculation, theory; surmise, suppose, presume, suspect, infer; speculate, theorize

10:58 PM  
Blogger Danielle G said...

p.s. the vocabulary list is a lot easier to read if you paste it into microsoft word.

10:59 PM  
Blogger Theresa said...

Thank you Danielle! (I probably will not kill you if you ruin the curve thanks to this outpouring of generosity.)

Everyone who has posted tonight- Congratulations! You have proven, or at least pretended to prove, that you are not a hyper-competitive sadist who likes to see your peers fail so that you can look better.

In case anyone else is awake at this ungodly (Ahh! God=Puritanism=fail), good luck tomorrow. It will all be over soon.

1:17 AM  
Blogger d said...

Yesss...sleep

i would like to thank all of you for your questions and responses, particularly theresa and danielle for their study guides. i would post mine if i had one.

"keep cramming" to those who are still awake

good luck everyone

4:30 AM  
Anonymous Anonymous said...

Rachel, Here is the difference between reports, inferences and judgements. I hope this is not too late.

A report is a statement that can be verified. Example the report of the increase in price of something. To verify the price increase, you can call the store.

An inference is is a statement about the unknown based on the known.

A judgement is an expression that shows the speakers approval or disapproval of occurences, persons or objective information.

Good Luck everyone.

6:49 AM  
Blogger Kaitlyn said...

I am not sure why my comments on this page were changed from being under my name to being anonymous in the course of two days. Can someone please explain that? I am all of the anonymous quotes on this blog.

Thanks. Kaitlyn.

7:51 PM  

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